Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine drug that’s commonly used as an over-the-counter nighttime sleep aid due to its sedative effects. Diphenhydramine has been found in clinical trials to be effective in decreasing the time it takes to fall asleep (sleep onset) and and improves both the depth and quality of sleep.[4]
Diphenhydramine is also the active ingredient in Benadryl, a drug commonly used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever or the cold. It’s also less commonly used to treat motion sickness and tremors in Parkinson’s disease.Â
How does Diphenhydramine work?
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine, which means that it works by blocking a chemical called histamine from binding to H1 receptors in the body. This property is mostly responsible for its effects on relieving allergy symptoms, although experiments in mice revealed that its interactions with H1 receptors play a key role in promoting sleep.[1]
Diphenhydramine’s sedative effects also come from its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, a protective layer around the brain. Once inside, it blocks NMDA receptors (chemicals involved in memory and learning), which leads to increased drowsiness and reduced alertness.[2][3]
What forms of Diphenhydramine are there?
Diphenhydramine comes as 25mg and 50mg tablets for insomnia. For other conditions like allergies, it’s available as a tablet, a capsule, a rapidly disintegrating tablet, a dissolving strip, a liquid, a liquid-filled capsule, and a powder. It’s also used in addition to epinephrine for anaphylaxis (sudden, life-threatening allergic reaction) as an injection.Â
Topical formulations, including creams, gels, lotions, sprays, and eye drops, are also available, where diphenhydramine is often used in combination with other ingredients like zinc acetate.Â
Treated trusted source:
Wang, Y.-Q., et al. (2015). Doxepin and diphenhydramine increased non-rapid eye movement sleep through blockade of histamine H1 receptors. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 129, pp.56–64.
Roth, T., et al. (1987).Sedative effects of antihistamines. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 80(1), pp.94–98.
Föhr, K.J., et al. (2015). Open channel block of NMDA receptors by diphenhydramine. Neuropharmacology, 99, pp.459–470.
Rickels, K., et al. (1983). Diphenhydramine in Insomniac Family Practice Patients: A Double-Blind Study. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 23(5-6), pp.234–242.Â
This page was written by The Treated Content Team.
This page was medically reviewed by Dr. Joseph Palumbo on February 20, 2025. Next review due on February 20, 2028.
How we source info.
When we present you with stats, data, opinion or a consensus, we’ll tell you where this came from. And we’ll only present data as clinically reliable if it’s come from a reputable source, such as a state or government-funded health body, a peer-reviewed medical journal, or a recognised analytics or data body. Read more in our editorial policy.
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How to take Diphenhydramine for insomnia?
Take one whole tablet with a full glass of water before bed. Don’t crush or chew the tablets. Also, try to go to bed within approximately 20 minutes after taking the tablet to avoid the risk of injury, as Diphenhydramine can make you drowsy and less alert.
The recommended dose for adults is generally up to 50mg of Diphenhydramine a day, but your physician will tell you what dose and how to take it.
How long does it take for Diphenhydramine to work?
One oral dose of Diphenhydramine is absorbed quickly into your system. You’ll likely start feeling drowsy after about half an hour, and it reaches peak concentration in the blood after about two hours.[1] These effects will last from four to six hours, helping you to experience more restful sleep.
What if I make a mistake while taking Diphenhydramine?
If you take too many Diphenhydramine tablets, then you’re more likely to experience side effects like dilated pupils, fever, a faster heartbeat, seizures, jerky movements, dry mouth, fatigue, sleepiness, confusion, blurry vision, uncontrolled shaking, or hallucinations.
A large overdose may cause excessive muscle breakdown, leading to seizures, kidney problems, irregular heartbeats, losing contact with reality, or coma.
In these cases, it’s important to call 911 or go to the nearest emergency department. And if possible, take the pack and the remaining pills with you.
This page was written by The Treated Content Team.
This page was medically reviewed by Dr. Joseph Palumbo on February 20, 2025. Next review due on February 20, 2028.
How we source info.
When we present you with stats, data, opinion or a consensus, we’ll tell you where this came from. And we’ll only present data as clinically reliable if it’s come from a reputable source, such as a state or government-funded health body, a peer-reviewed medical journal, or a recognised analytics or data body. Read more in our editorial policy.
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Diphenhydramine isn’t suitable for everyone, and there are some things that you need to be aware of when taking it.
Here’s all the official info on it. If anything is unclear, let our experts know, and they can talk with you about it.
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Diphenhydramine: FAQ
Have something specific you want to know? Search our info below, or ask our experts a question if you can’t find what you’re looking for.
Is Diphenhydramine different from other over-the-counter medications for insomnia?
Answer:
Besides Diphenhydramine, other over-the-counter medications include doxylamine and melatonin. Diphenhydramine and doxylamine (Unisom) are both antihistamines with sedative effects, but doxylamine is often considered longer-acting and potentially more sedating. This means it may stay in your system longer, increasing the risk of next-day drowsiness compared to diphenhydramine.
Melatonin is a natural hormone that helps regulate the body’s sleep-wake cycle. Unlike diphenhydramine, which induces drowsiness by blocking histamine receptors in the brain, melatonin works by signaling to your body that it’s time to sleep. Melatonin is generally a safer option for older adults and people who need to use it long-term, whereas diphenhydramine is best for short-term sleep aid due to potential side effects like tolerance and next-day drowsiness.
Is Diphenhydramine addictive?
Answer:
It can be when you take more than you should or if you take it for too long. It’s possible to become psychologically addicted to it, and rely on it for sleep. Over time, some people can also find that they’ll build up a tolerance and start needing higher doses of Diphenhydramine for it to work, which indicates that they may have become dependent on it.
Withdrawal symptoms are milder than those for other drugs, but can still be unpleasant and include nausea, cold sweats or diarrhea.
Can I take Diphenhydramine in combination with other medications I’m using?
Answer:
Generally, it’s recommended to tell your healthcare provider before taking Diphenhydramine with any of these medications, because using them together can increase your risk of experiencing side effects:
treatments for depression like mirtazapine (Remeron), fluoxetine (Prozac), phenelzine (Nardil), venlafaxine (Effexor), bupropion (Wellbutrin), or amitriptyline (Elavil, Vanatrip);
other antihistamines used in cold and cough medications like clorpheniramine;
sedatives like Diazepam and hypnotics like Nitrazepam;
medications for high blood pressure like metoprolol;
medications that relax smooth muscles used to treat Parkinson’s, IBS or urinary incontinence.
Does Diphenhydramine have side effects?
Answer:
It can cause some side effects, but you might not be affected by any of them. Common side effects include drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, inability to concentrate, unsteadiness, dry mouth, tiredness.
Other unwanted effects may include:
headaches;
sensation of pins and needles;
confusion;
nervousness, restlessness (usually, older people are more prone to these side effects);
blurred vision;
vomiting;
nausea;
muscle twitches;
depression;
difficulty in passing urine; or:
sleep disturbances.
Can you take Diphenhydramine while pregnant?
Answer:
While it can be used in pregnancy, Diphenhydramine can cross the placenta,[1] so it’s not generally recommended. You should always talk to your doctor before using it if you’re pregnant or planning to have a baby, as other options like cognitive behavioral therapy may be more suitable for you.
You can also start by avoiding blue light from screens, trying relaxation techniques, implementing a sleep routine, and avoiding naps.
Our experts continually monitor new findings in health and medicine, and we update our articles when new info becomes available.
Feb 19, 2025
Published by: The Treated Content Team.Medically reviewed by: Dr. Joseph Palumbo, Senior Medical Adviser
How we source info.
When we present you with stats, data, opinion or a consensus, we’ll tell you where this came from. And we’ll only present data as clinically reliable if it’s come from a reputable source, such as a state or government-funded health body, a peer-reviewed medical journal, or a recognised analytics or data body. Read more in our editorial policy.
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Dr. Joseph Palumbo
Senior Medical Adviser
Joseph joined Treated in 2023, and is one of the lead doctors providing prescribing services for the platform.
When we present you with stats, data, opinion or a consensus, we’ll tell you where this came from. And we’ll only present data as clinically reliable if it’s come from a reputable source, such as a state or government-funded health body, a peer-reviewed medical journal, or a recognised analytics or data body. Read more in our editorial policy.
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